The production of mucus in the respiratory system is continuous, normal and necessary. For most of the time, we don’t even notice it, since it is excreted through coughing or the digestive system. However, some situations can lead to excess mucus, since they have a thicker consistency that we know as phlegm.
When the body interprets that there is an external threat, such as certain viruses, fungi or bacteria, the immune system secretes more mucus than normal It does so through the epithelium, the tissue that lines the inside of the airways.
So, is phlegm a defensive secretion? Yes, it contains antibodies that act as a protective barrier against these threats. If it appears in excess or takes on a greenish tone, it may be a symptom of an infection or respond to other reasons that are useful to know. Below, we detail the most common reasons why phlegm appears, as well as knowing when you should consult a doctor or specialist.
Mild colds
One of the most common reasons for the appearance of phlegm is due to inflammation of the mucous membranes. It occurs when different pathogens, such as rhinoviruses, cause an infection in the upper respiratory tract. This is one of the most common causes of phlegm. most frequent infections in people, causing mild colds.
In the face of threat, the glands increase the mucus production and thickness which causes it to build up in the throat or nose. This often leads to other uncomfortable symptoms such as throat clearing, runny nose, heartburn and severe coughing.
More serious respiratory tract infections
More serious conditions affecting the lungs and airways can cause phlegm to form in the throat. The body increases production to prevent the infection from spreading. The mucus captures external particles and expels them through coughing to get rid of the threat.
One way to identify if phlegm corresponds to this type of disease is its color.. When they acquire a greenish tone means that the number of dead white blood cells is high. Therefore, it is very likely that they were formed to fight an infection such as the following:
- Pharyngitis
- Bronchitis
- Pneumonia
- Cystic fibrosis
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
If phlegm—also called sputum—persists for several days, see a doctor for a diagnosis.
Asthma
One of the symptoms of asthma, in addition to shortness of breath, wheezing or coughing, is the build-up of phlegm. This is caused by the narrowing of the airways, which can increase mucus production. The triggers of an asthma attack are diverse, such as dust in the environment, mites, weather and colds.
Allergies
Different types of allergies, such as those to dust or pollen, cause throat irritation, sneezing or congestion. The body’s reaction to these potential threats is the production of mucus to quickly remove pollen spores and other agents.
Because of this, phlegm buildup often accompanies seasonal allergies. You can prevent them by avoiding exposure to allergens. To deal with them, there are home remedies that promote symptom relief.
Smoking
Long-term smoking, whether through regular cigarettes, electronic cigarettes or passive smoking, causes functional damage to the airways This results in changes in mucociliary clearance, a process where cilia (small hair-like organelles) sweep mucus from the lower airways into the pharynx. The result is greater difficulty in removing mucus, together with the external substances it contains, which promotes its accumulation in the respiratory tract.
In addition, the presence of tobacco smoke increases mucus production, throat clearing and coughing, which are common symptoms of smokers. The only solution to improve this condition is quit smoking.
Acid reflux
Phlegm in the throat can also be caused by the stomach. When the contents of the stomach return to the esophagus along with gastric acids, the area becomes irritated and generates excess mucus. Gastroesophageal reflux can occur in a specific situation, caused by the consumption of sausages, coffee or alcohol, or it can be a habitual condition.
In both cases, some are recommended Home Remedies for Acid Reflux Relief such as drinking plenty of water to expel phlegm or ingesting juices, infusions and broths. It is also advisable to avoid foods that can cause reflux, such as refined flours, fried foods and spicy foods.
Cold weather and dry air
Not all causes stem from infections or diseases. There are also external and environmental factors that affect some people more than others. For example, breathe cold air dries out the nasal passages and throat which causes an increase in mucus to moisten the area.
This occurs more frequently during winter due to contact with cool weather and the possibility of viral infections, as well as the use of heating and air conditioning.
Eating some foods
Certain Foods and drinks are associated with increased mucus production. For example, red meats and animal oils or dairy products such as cheese, yogurt and milk. Drinks that promote dehydration, including those with high sugar or alcohol content, can also contribute to the appearance of phlegm. It is advisable to reduce their presence in the diet to avoid excessive mucus generation.
On the other hand, there are some foods that can help expel phlegm such as cinnamon, garlic, onion and olive oil. Among fruits, guava, orange, kiwi and pomegranate are recommended.
Deviated septum
A deviated septum occurs when the wall between the nostrils is damaged or twisted. This situation occurs due to a developmental abnormality or a specific trauma. In either case, nasal congestion and mucus buildup may occur due to the increased difficulty in draining it.
When to see a doctor about phlegm in the throat?
The presence of excessive mucus may be a normal defense response to external threats. However, Attention should be paid when it lasts for more than a week and/or is accompanied by some of these symptoms:
- Fever
- Vomiting
- Headache
- Blood in cough
- Chest pain
- Thicker mucus
The thickness and the phlegm color They represent what the immune system is trying to expel from the body, so paying attention to this characteristic can be an indicator of its cause. Green and yellow tones respond to infections, white ones express possible congestion or inflammation. Meanwhile, black and brown ones can be due to environmental factors, such as smoke inhalation, or tobacco use.
Pink or reddish coloration requires more attention. These may be blood stains caused by repeated nose blowing or may be the result of more serious conditions such as tuberculosis. See a doctor if you notice this color in your phlegm.
Pay attention to the reasons that generate phlegm in order to eliminate it
The reasons why mucus becomes thick and abundant range from possible respiratory infections to stomach problems. Although phlegm is not a cause for alarm, it is important to pay attention to its color, consistency and the appearance of other symptoms. This will allow you to know what to do and take measures to expel them.
If you notice abnormal coloring, exaggerated thickness or that they are accompanied by headache, chest pain or fever, consult a doctor. Medications may be required to reduce an infection.